Structural  and 
Fireproofing 


y 


CONCRETE 

TILE 


19  10 


Concrete 
Stone  and  Sand 
Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


j 


ANY  useful  article  having  the  two  attributes 
of  quality  and  reasonable  price  is  sure  to 
meet  with  the  approval  of  a  discerning 
public.  Concrete  structural  tile  has  not  been  an 
exception.  Wherever  tests  and  demonstrations 
of  economy  and  practicability,  herein  explained, 
have  been  given,  the  people  have  been  favorably 
impressed  and  the  product  quickly  adopted  for 
the  uses  to  which  its  peculiar  qualifications  es¬ 
pecially  fit  it.  Throughout  the  catalogue  this 
fact  is  abundantly  illustrated  by  the  citation  of 
the  experiences  of  the  initial  plant  installed  by 
the  inventor,  A.  A.  Pauly,  at  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

The  demand  of  the  public  is  for  absolutely 
safe  homes  at  reasonable  prices.  This  public 
needs  only  to  be  educated  to  the  merits  of  con¬ 
crete  structural  tile  in  order  to  know  how  to 
satisfy  this  want.  Those  contractors,  architects 
and  concrete  engineers  who  have  already  used 
this  product  are  meeting  with  great  success  and 
without  exception,  unreservedly  endorse  its  good 
qualities. 


The  Public’s  Endorsement  is 

Evidenced  by  the  Success  of  the  Initial  Plant 


Sanitary,  Fireproof,  and  Economical 
Homes  are  Herein  Proved  Practical 
For  Every  American  Family 


Vaughn  Residence  on  Glen  Aven  Street 


1 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Pauly  Concrete  Tile  Must  Logically 
Replace  Wooden  Construction  In  the  Near  Future 


Concrete  Structural  Tile 

The  Embodiment  of  Every  Essential  Qualification  for  Modern  Construction 


Structural  tile  of  concrete  is  conceded  to  be  the 
most  advanced  attainment  of  the  industry,  and  it 
is  absolutely  independent  of  all  the  other  branches 
of  concrete  building  materials  or  construction  sys¬ 
tems.  It  is  the  route  by  which  the  initial  cubic 
yard  of  concrete  (Portland  cement,  a  suitable 
aggregate  and  water)  attains  its  highest  value.  It 
is  now  reduced  to  a  business  proposition  contain¬ 
ing  a  substantial  profit  for  manufacturer  and  user 
alike. 

The  system  for  manufacturing  this  material 
is  easy  to  understand,  practical  and  the  most  scien¬ 
tific  method  of  handling  concrete.  Structural  tiles 
of  every  useful  shape  and  size  can  be  produced  of 
concrete,  and  such  tile  have  many  important  advan¬ 
tages  over  all  other  materials  that  have  heretofore 
been  produced  for  purposes  parallel  to  those  for 
which  concrete  structural  tile  is  useful  and  appli¬ 
cable.  All  the  structural  tile  made  by  our  system  are 
cast  or  molded  by  specially  designed  machines  in 
steam-heated  molds,  the  materials  having  first  been 
properly  proportioned,  mixed,  and  prepared  for  pour¬ 
ing.  Excess  water  being  driven  off  by  steam,  the 
tile  is  ejected  from  the  mold  mechanically,  and  then 
annealed  or  cured  in  an  oven  provided  with  steam 
connections  giving  a  definite  progression  of  heats 
and  moisture  so  as  to  secure  quickly  the  complete 
and  perfect  crystallization  of  the  concrete  material. 
The  finished  tile  has  the  minimum  porosity  for  the 
absorption  of  water  obtainable  in  concrete,  while  at 
the  same  time  the  highest  fire  resisting  quality  is 
attained,  both  being  due  to  the  extreme  density  of 
the  concrete  produced  by  the  process.  The  corners, 
edges,  angles  and  plane  surfaces  of  the  tile  are  all 
mathematically  correct,  and  in  this  respect  these 
concrete  tile  outclass  every  other  building  material 
of  whatever  composition  or  for  whatsoever  purpose. 
The  economic  uses  for  such  materials  ars  apparent 
to  every  practical  constructor  of  buildings. 

Exhaustive  tests  have  been  conducted  to  establish 
the  structural  value  of  this  new  building  material, 
to  prove  its  strength  in  compression,  the  amount  of 
absorption  when  immersed  in  water,  and  its  resist¬ 
ance  to  fire — these  being  the  three  elements  of  im¬ 
portance  to  be  considered  in  every  building  mater¬ 
ial.  All  such  tests  have  been  conducted  publicly 
upon  a  practical  and  thorough  basis,  and  every  one 
of  them  has  demonstrated  this  type  of  concrete  tile 
to  possess  the  highest  qualifications  in  each  of  these 


requisites.  The  tests  are  taken  up  in  detail  upon 
another  page. 

The  practical  construction  work  that  has  been 
done  during  the  past  two  years,  under  the  eye  of 
the  inventor  of  the  system  and  machinery  for  mak¬ 
ing  the  tile,  Mr.  A.  A.  Pauly,  of  Youngstown,  O., 
has  been  highly  successful  in  every  case,  as  exhibit¬ 
ed  by  scores  of  houses  finished  and  now  in  use.  The 
inventor  has  organized  and  established  an  exten¬ 
sive  plant,  which  at  the  present  time  is  crowded 
with  business  to  its  capacity,  and  is  being  operated 
at  a  substantial  profit.  The  basis  of  operations  can 
be  expressed  in  a  few  words: 

By  means  of  this  system  the  typical  or  initial 
cubic  yard  of  concrete,  costing  approximately  $3, 
is  transformed— by  a  factory  cost  of  approximately 
$1 — into  a  commodity  readily  salable  at  from  $7 
to  $10,  according  to  the  size  and  configuration, 
which  commodity  will  find  a  ready  sale  in  unlimited 
quantities. 

The  success  of  the  pioneer  plant  is  convincing 
proof  that  in  the  Pauly  system  for  concrete  struct¬ 
ural  tile  manufacture  lies  a  wonderful  opportunity 
in  a  new  phase  of  the  manufactured  building  mater¬ 
ial  business.  One  that  contains,  indeed,  a  substan¬ 
tial  profit,  with  a  growing  future,  which  logically 
will  develop  an  enormous  demand. 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company  is  plac¬ 
ing  the  Pauly  tile  machines  with  well  qualified 
manufacturers,  having  suitable  concrete  aggregates 
and  capital  to  insure  the  installation  of  plants  capa¬ 
ble  of  carrying  on  this  business  successfully. 
This  action  is  based  upon  the  tremendous  local 
growth  of  the  business  and  upon  the  constantly  in¬ 
creasing  demands  for  concrete  structural  tile  from  all 
parts  of  this  country  and  foreign  lands.  The  machines 
are  leased  only;  this  plan  being  adopted  in  order  to 
insure  the  lessee  of  the  exclusive  control  of  the 
machines  in  the  territory  in  which  he  operates,  dur¬ 
ing  the  life  of  his  lease. 

We  wish  to  urge  a  careful  examination  of  these 
and  following  statements,  as  only  such  parties  as 
will  engage  to  make  and  maintain  a  high  grade 
product,  can  become  lessees  of  these  machines.  We 
are  always  glad  to  discuss  this  proposition  with 
those  contemplating  an  entrance  into  this  branch 
of  the  concrete  industry,  and  extend  herewith  a 
cordial  invitation  to  all  those  wishing  to  visit  our 
plant  and  meet  the  inventor  in  person. 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio  2 


The  Minimum  of  Material  Scientifically 
Prepared  so  as  to  Attain  Maximum  Strength 


3 


Tlie  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


All  Tests  were  Conducted  in  the 
Presence  of  Authoritative  and  Impartial  Witnesses 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


4 


Record  Photographs  of  Fire  Test  Proving  the  High  Fire  Resistance  of  Concrete  Tile 


Every  Test  has  Proven  Pauly  Concrete 

Structural  Tile  to  be  Both  Practical  and  Economical 

Practical  Fire  and 

All  the  tile  made  a  very  favorable  showing  in 
repeated  fire  tests,  seeming  in  every  way  to  be  su¬ 
perior  to  any  other  parallel  material  that  could  be 
found.  At  the  suggestion  of  Mr.  Chas.  Connell,  a 
concrete  engineer-contractor  of  very  considerable 
attainments,  and  the  building  authorities  of  the  city 
of  Youngstown — C.  C.  Knox,  building  inspector; 
Capt.  W.  H.  Loller,  chief  of  the  fire  department; 
Arthur  Young,  city  engineer,  and  others — it  was 
decided  to  give  the  concrete  tile  a  practical  fire 
test,  by  means  of  an  elevated  floor  span  constructed 
so  as  to  provide  for  placing  a  very  hot  fire  beneath 
it. 

Such  a  floor  span  was  constructed  under  the 
supervision  of  Mr.  Connell.  It  was  12'xl6'  in  size, 
and  consisted  of  four  piers,  2  feet  square,  rising  4 
feet  from  the  level  surface  of  the  ground.  Two 
reinforced  concrete  beams  8"xl6"  and  16'  long,  par¬ 
allel,  and  resting  upon  the  piers  at  each  end  of  their 
8-inch  surface,  carried  the  span.  Shearing  brackets, 
monolithic  with  these  beams  and  also  the  piers, 
were  provided  at  both  ends,  and  these  were  rein¬ 
forced  with  two  %-inch  lug  bars.  Each  of  the 
beams  was  reinforced  with  two  16-foot  girder 
frames,  provided  with  connected  shearing  mem¬ 
bers.  Twelve  joists  or  ribs  of  reinforced  concrete, 
connected  the  two  beams  in  the  following  manner: 

At  each  end  of  the  span  a  joist  measuring  8"x8" 
and  reinforced  with  four  %-inch  lug  bars  connected 
the  two  beams.  Next  to  this  were  laid  a  row  of 
eight  of  the  concrete  tile.  Next  to  these  approach¬ 
ing  the  center,  was  laid  another  rib  4"x8",  rein¬ 
forced  with  two  %-inch  lug  bars,  and  this  process 
was  continued  until  ten  ribs,  each  constructed  in 
exactly  the  same  manner,  and  alternating  regularly 
with  rows  of  eight  tiles,  completed  the  span,  with 
11  rows  of  tile.  The  tiles  were  laid  flush  with  the 
ribs  at  the  bottom,  and  being  only  6"  through,  left 
the  8-inch  ribs  projecting  2"  above  the  top  of  the 
tiles.  This  2-inch  space  above  the  tiles  was  filled 
with  gravel  concrete,  and  the  upper  surface  trowel¬ 
ed  off  to  a  finish  like  first-class  sidewalk  work. 
The  beams  and  ribs  as  well  as  the  monolithic 
piers  were  all  made  of  good  gravel  concrete.  Forty 
of  the  tiles  used  were  made  of  cinder  concrete; 
forty  of  slag  concrete;  and  eight  of  gravel  con¬ 
crete.  All  the  centerings  were  removed  from  the 
span  when  three  weeks  old,  and  was  carefully  in¬ 
spected  to  see  that  the  work  was  in  perfect  condi¬ 
tion. 

When  the  span  was  thirty  days  old  it  was  load¬ 
ed  to  200  pounds  for  every  square  foot  of  its  sur¬ 
face,  and  ten  days  later  it  was  subjected  to  a  fire 
test  of  the  severest  possible  character.  Some  four 
and  a  half  cords  of  combustible  material  were 
placed  beneath  the  floor  span,  consisting  of  wood 
fagots — and  these  were  thoroughly  saturated  with 
kerosene.  A  torch  was  applied  at  7  a.  m.  and  fire 
sustained  with  increasing  intensity  until  9:30  a.  m., 
when  water  from  a  20-pound  pressure  nozzle  was 


Compression  Tests 

applied  to  the  fire  and  heated  under-surface  of  the 
span,  directly  against  the  tiles.  It  required  forty- 
five  minutes  to  reduce  the  temperature  so  as  to 
make  it  possible  to  approach  the  test  structure.  Ex¬ 
amination  developed  the  fact  that  practically  no 
damage  had  been  done  to  the  tile  by  this  severe 
test.  The  evidences  of  the  intensity  of  the  heat 
were  easily  observed.  The  interior  surfaces  of  the 
concrete  piers  showed  many  glassy  spots,  indicating 
that  the  sand  had  fused.  Pyrometric  cones  placed 
as  close  to  the  fire  zone  as  practical,  indicated  more 
than  1,800°  F.  This  public  test  was  conducted  in 
the  presence  of  the  following  persons:  Capt.  W. 
H.  Loller,  chief  Youngstown  fire  department;  D. 
Heinselman,  chairman  board  of  public  service;  Chas. 
C.  Knox,  inspector  of  buildings;  A.  G.  Young,  build¬ 
ing  contractor;  Angus  S.  Wade,  supervising  archi¬ 
tect;  C.  T.  Agnew,  county  commissioner;  C.  H. 
Connell,  engineer-contractor;  Fred  K.  Irvine,  editor 
Rock  Products,  and  the  inventor,  A.  A.  Pauly.  In 
addition  to  these,  many  other  individiials  who  took 
an  interest  in  the  demonstration  were  present. 

This  publicly  conducted  test  was  recognized 
as  so  practical  and  valuable  as  a  criterion  that  a 
statement  covering  the  facts  as  above  set  forth, 
and  alleging  them  to  be  authentic,  was  drawn  up 
and  signed  by  all  the  above  witnesses  of  the  test. 

A  compression  test  was  made  at  the  Gulick, 
Henderson  &  Co.  laboratories  at  Pittsburg,  the  re¬ 
sult  of  which  was  as  follows: 


Report  of  Compression  Test  of  Concrete  Hollow  Tile 
Made  for  Albert  A.  Pauly,  Youngstown,  Ohio. 

Pittsburg,  Pa.,  Dec.  13,  1907. 


Laboratory 

Number 

Mark 

Dimensions 

Total 
Sec.  Area 

Load 

Pounds 

Crushing 

Strength 

Weight 

sq.  in. 

per.  sq.  in. 

2(011 

Rock 

11.72"  x  11.45" 

134.19” 

26,720 

199 

6.02" 

26012 

Slag 

1 1 .82"  x  1 1 .50" 

135.93" 

26,480 

194 

6.00" 

State  of  Pennsylvania,  County  of  Allegheny,  ss: 

Before  me,  a  notary  public  in  and  for  said 
county  and  state,  personally  appeared  Henry  Gulick, 
Jr.,  of* the  firm  of  Gulick,  Henderson  &  Co.,  who 
swears  that  the  above  statement  is  a  true  and 
correct  report  of  the  test  made. 

Sworn  to  and  subscribed  before  me  this  13th 
day  of  December,  1907. 

GULICK,  HENDERSON  &  CO. 
(Seal)  By  Henry  Gulick,  Jr. 

W.  A.  Feltyberger,  Notary  Public 
Commission  expires  January  16,  1909. 

Recently  a  fire  test  was  conducted  in  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  the  following  gentlemen  connected  with 
the  local  public  service:  J.  B.  Kennedy,  county  com¬ 
missioner;  C.  C.  Knox,  city  building  inspector;  W. 
H.  Lawlor,  chief  of  the  fire  department;  E.  S.,  Wal¬ 
ton,  retailer  and  distributor  of  building  supplies; 
M.  E.  Dennison,  cashier  of  the  First  National  Bank; 
Charles  H.  Connell,  concrete  contractor-engineer;  J. 
D.  Gibson  and  J.  B.  Kennedy,  Jr. 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


The  Best  is  none  too  Good 
and  the  Best  Is  Cheapest  in  the  Bong  Bun 


Correct  Dimensions  and  Simple  Forms 

The  Tiles  Illustrated  Here  Have  Been  Used  Extensively  in  the  Construction  of  All  the  Buildings  Shown 

in  This  Catalogue 


No.  8.  8"  x  8"  x  16” 

No.  10.  8"  x  10"  x  16" 


No.  14.  8"  x  8"  x  16" 
No.  15.  8"  x  10”  x  16" 


Fifteen  Four  and  Five-Room  Houses  in  This  Group 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


6 


The  Fan  da  mental  Ilasla  In  the 

Manufacturing;  of  Pauly  Tile  is  Scientifically  Correct 

Concrete  Applied  to  Dwelling  House  Construction 

By  Ross  F.  Tucker,  Member  American  Society  Civil  Engineers;  President  Concrete  Association  of  America 

(Written  during  the  first  use  of  Pauly  concrete  tile.) 


The  next  step  in  the  extension  of  the  use  of  con¬ 
crete  will  be  its  adaptation  to  the  construction  of 
dwellings.  With  the  army  of  block  machines  that 
are  on  the  market  and  the  great  quantity  of  the 
“output”  from  these  machines,  the  bulk  of  which 
goes  into  dwelling  house  work,  it  might  be  assumed 
that  the  step  above  mentioned  had  already  been 
taken.  In  a  sense  it  has,  but  it  is  a  step  that,  in 
the  writer’s  opinion,  has  done  concrete  a  question¬ 
able  service.  The  technique  of  the  method  of  man¬ 
ufacture  to  which  all  block  makers  are  restricted 
is  fundamentally  wrong  and  can  never  be  of  great 
value,  either  constructively  or  decoratively.  The 
ten  to  twelve  per  cent,  of  water  used  in  mixing  is 
not  sufficient  to  lubricate  the  particles  of  aggregate, 
nor  to  develop  the  full  set  of  the  cement.  Such 
material  cannot  possibly  have  the  density  nor 
the  strength  of  a  properly  made  concrete.  All  the 
ramming  and  tamping  in  the  world,  all  the  pressure 
that  can  be  exerted  by  hydraulics  or  otherwise  will 
not  compress  a  dry-made  concrete  into  a  dense, 
water-tight  block.  The  particles  of  aggregate  arch 
on  themselves  and  cannot  be  forced  to  fill  corners 
and  interstices  without  sufficient  lubrication  to  al¬ 
low  the  faces  and  surfaces  of  the  aggregate  to  slip 
on  one  another.  On  the  other  hand,  the  moment 
that  sufficient  water  is  added  to  secure  the  best  re¬ 
sults  for  density  and  strength,  the  material  is  too 
soft  to  be  removed  from  the  moulds  and  the  so- 
called  block  machines  are  of  no  value  at  all. 

It  is  curious  that  so  many  people  have  taken  to 
block-making  as  if  there  were  something  new  about 
it.  The  old-fashioned  artificial  stone  of  thirty  years 
ago  was  made  of  the  same  material  and  in  the  same 
manner  as  with  block  machines  today  and  the  re¬ 
sultant  material  had  all  the  defects  of  these  later 
productions, — a  soft,  absorbent,  spongy  mass,  of 
low  compressing  strength,  requiring  all  sorts  of 
treatments  to  make  it  waterproof.  The  whole  prac¬ 
tice  is  wrong  and  the  only  difference  between  the 
old  method  and  that  of  today  lies  in  the  numerous 
mechanical  devices,  which,  with  greater  or  less  in¬ 
genuity,  reduce  the  labor  and  mould  cost  to  a  mini¬ 
mum.  By  reason  of  the  faults  that  Ae  at  the  very 
beginning  of  all  block-making,  I  do  not  consider 
that  the  steps  taken  in  that  direction  have  been  of 
any  great  value  to  the  industry  as  a  whole,  nor 
need  we  expect  anything  of  importance  to  come  out 
of  it  in  the  future.  All  walls  built  of  such  material 
must  be  so  constructed  as  to  avoid  the  dampness 
that  such  concrete  must  necessarily  acquire,  and  the 
very  softness  of  the  stone  precludes  any  surface 
treatment  that  can  be  called  interesting  or  satisfy¬ 
ing  in  any  degree. 

All  concrete,  to  be  strong  and  sound,  must  be 
wet  concrete,  far  too  wet  to  be  delivered  from  its 
mould  for  considerable  periods  of  time.  The  prin¬ 
ciple  of  selection  of  aggregates,  combined  with  in¬ 
telligent  combination  and  mixing,  secures  results 
that,  in  a  finished  product,  are  astonishing  and  ab¬ 
solutely  impossible  of  attainment  by  any  dry  pro¬ 
cess  block-machine  that  ever  was  devised. 

Again,  solid  wall  construction  is  very  limited  in 
its  application  to  dwelling  house  work.  While  we 
have  about  solved  the  problem  of  the  mill  and  fac¬ 
tory  building,  both  structurally  and  economically  in 
reinforced  concrete,  the  same  cannot  be  said  at  all 
in  respect  to  dwelling  houses.  In  the  mill  and  fac¬ 
tory  structure  we  have  a  relatively  large  amount  of 
concrete  as  compared  with  the  lumber  and  labor  in¬ 
volved  in  the  making  of  the  forms,  whereas,  in  the 
dwelling  house,  with  the  cut-up  surfaces  and  irregu¬ 
lar  openings,  the  rates  of  cost  of  forms  to  concrete 
is  out  of  all  scale  or  proportion  and  puts  concrete 
practically  out  of  the  running  in  comparison  with 
other  material.  Moreover,  the  internal  stresses, 


particularly  the  shrinking  of  concrete  masses,  are 
such  that  concrete  walls  of  this  kind  are  almost 
sure  to  crack.  They  must  be  furred  or  an  air  space 
formed,  as  otherwise  they  will  be  damp  and  ex¬ 
tremely  unsatisfactory.  In  the  fall  and  spring  there 
is  likelihood  of  condensation  on  the  inside  of  an 
unprotected  concrete  wall,  and,  last  of  all,  it  is  a 
difficult  matter  to  give  a  solid  wall  any  architect¬ 
ural  treatment  that  can  be  called  satisfactory,  ex¬ 
cept  at  a  very  considerable  expense. 

The  wooden  house  is,  of  course,  a  menace  to  com¬ 
mence  with  and  should  be  only  built  as  a  last  resort. 
Such  a  house  covered  with  metal  lath  and  furred 
has  some  excellent  architectural  possibilities,  but 
when  well  built,  will  not  be  found  to  be  cheaper 
than  a  rough  brick  wall,  for  the  frame  must 
be  sheathed,  papered,  metal  furred  and  lathed 
and  covered  with  scratch  coat  of  mortar  before 
it  is  in  condition  to  receive  the  stucco.  This  will 
be  found  to  approximate  closely  the  cost  of 
brick  work.  Much  has  been  said  about  the  faults 
of  stucco  work,  but  like  many  other  failures  in  the 
use  of  concrete,  they  are  traceable  to  the  ignorance 
of  the  users  rather  than  to  the  fault  of  the  material. 
Stucco  has  been  abused  about  as  much  as  any  other 
material  that  the  writer  knows  of,  but  it  will  do 
good  service  every  time  if  properly  made  and  ap¬ 
plied.  I  have  placed  ornamental  stucco  on  the  ex¬ 
terior  of  a  power  house  on  the  St.  Lawrence  River, 
on  tile,  brick  and  lath  surfaces  where  it  has  been 
subjected  to  a  yearly  range  of  120  degrees  tempera¬ 
ture  for  ten  years,  and  it  is  as  good  today  as  when 
applied,  although  the  plastering  on  the  inside,  made 
exactly  the  same  way,  of  the  same  material,  came 
off  in  pieces  a  yard  square  on  the  same  walls  within 
two  months  after  it  was  applied. 

There  are  great  possibilities  in  the  future  of 
stucco  when  properly  handled.  But  for  this  de¬ 
velopment  must  come  a  cheap  wall.  The  writer  had 
occasion  to  make  a  study  of  this  problem  of  a  cheap 
wall  construction  ^f or  stucco  application  for  the  late 
Standford  White,  who,  had  he  lived,  would  have 
taken  some  steps  to  show  what  can  be  done  in  dec¬ 
orative  stucco.  But  all  existing  methods  have  been 
too  expensive  and  we  must  devise  a  cheap  dry  wall 
before  we  can  make  material  progress  in  dwelling 
house  work.  The  terra  cotta  wall  is  a  relatively 
cheap  wall,  but  its  lack  of  fire-resisting  qualities,  its 
tremendous  expansion  under  heat,  make  it  a  dan¬ 
gerous  wall,  unless  insulated  and  protected.  The 
nearest  approach  to  the  ideal  wall  for  concrete 
dwelling  houses  seems  to  kave  been  worked  out  by 
A.  A.  Pauly,  of  Youngstown.  He  has  a  method  of 
delivering  wet  concrete  from  moulds  in  a  clever  and 
very  economical  manner  and  seems  to  have  solved 
the  problem  of  handling  wet  concrete  and  produc¬ 
ing  a  dense,  strong  building  unit  at  a  very  low 
cost.  He  has  already  done  considerable  building 
and  his  development  will  be  watched  with  great  in¬ 
terest.  With  such  a  wall,  the  extension  and  possi¬ 
bilities  of  concrete  decoration  are  unlimited  and  the 
future  will  give  us  fire-proof  homes  of  high  struc¬ 
tural  and  architectural  value  at  low  cost.  The 
method  is  so  simple,  the  requirements  of  skilled 
labor  are  so  greatly  reduced,  that  houses  of  con¬ 
crete,  fire-proof  throughout,  may  be  constructed  at 
a  price  to  compare  favorably  with  wood,  and  upon 
the  walls  may  be  applied  a  great  variety  of  color 
and  texture  effects,  in  stuccos  made  of  many  ma¬ 
terials,  enlivened  with  masses  of  color  in  Faience 
and  Mosaic,  that  give  the  architect  great  oppor¬ 
tunity  for  the  exercise  of  his  artistic  abilities.  It 
will  create  a  school  of  design  adapted  to  the  ma¬ 
terial  and  be  productive  of  a  style  of  dwelling  pos¬ 
sessing  individuality  and  character,  combined  with 
durability  and  permanency  such  as  we  know  little 
of  thus  far  in  our  suburban  architecture. 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


7 


A  Home  Built  of  Concrete 
Tile  1*  nn  Asset  which  is  Everlasting 


Type  of  an  Economical  and  Strictly  Fireproof  Residence 


Fig.  4 

PLAN  OF  FIRST  FLOOR 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


8 


Concrete  Tile  Can  be  Applied 

with  Facility  in  Every  Type  of  Construction 


HOI £.3  ■  TH/IO- WH/CH  TO 

t  r?our?  coucrpe  7~£  f/lu 


•Jt’E /HEOHC  ErfLH, 


U/iT^L.- FOfcLARGE- 

•  W/MDOW- OPFWMGi  • 

Fig.  H 


13E/CK 


7-T/ES- 


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i/'- EHESETWO ■  CHA HNE LS  • 
HEtNFORCEHZrtT  f/LLED-WITH-QOHCRETE  ■ 


■  WHEELED  ■  WALL-RE/HFOECEO  -TO-RE CE/l/E TRUSS, 
ALSO  "SHOW/MCn  ■  ME  A  THOO  ■  OE-D/S  POS//VG  OF  SiO/L-  F/FE . 

Fig.  HI 


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The  Perspective  Floor  Plans  and  Detail  Drawings  Illus¬ 
trating  the  Construction  of  this  Residence  are 
Generally  Applicable  to  Concrete  Tile  Spec¬ 
ifications  in  Every  Type  of  Building 


9 


The  Concrete  Stone  ami  Sand  Company 

Youngstown  Ohio 


Practical  Love  of  Your  Family 
is  Shown  by  Building  a  Home  of  Concrete  Tile 


Thompson  Residence  on  Fairgreen  Street 


Dalzell  Houses  on  Maple  Avenue 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


10 


Out  Piles  Contain  the  EndoraemeniH 
of  Bnildlng  Authorities  Throughout  the  Country 


J.  Marcus  Miller 


H.  Lyman  Ford 


MILLER  &  FORD,  Architects 
Rooms  409  and  410  Dollar  Bank  Building 
New  Phone  1407 


Youngstown,  0.,  Jan.  7th,  1910. 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company, 

935  Poland  Avenue, 

Youngstown,  Ohio: 

Gentlemen: 

We  take  pleasure  in  telling  you  that  we  have 
used  your  product  on  a  number  of  jobs  and  find  that 
it  is  all  that  you  claim  for  it,  and  more.  We  can 
recommend  it  without  reserve,  and  can  see  nothing 
to  interfere  with  the  universal  demand  for  your  pro¬ 
duct  in  the  very  near  future. 

We  predict  that  your  CONCRETE  STRUCT¬ 
URAL  TILE  will  soon  largely  take  the  place  of 
frame,  and  hollow  brick  construction. 

Thanking  you  for  courtesies,  and  wishing  you 
success,  we  remain, 

*4$  ■  K 

Respectfully  yours, 

Miller  &  Ford,  Architects, 

By  H.  Lyman  Ford. 

[copy] 


Craver  Residence  on  Belmont  Court 


Mattress  Factory  on  Thomas  Street 


Coal  Office  on  East  Federal  Street 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Mason  Residence  on  Fairview  Street 


Workingmen  anti  Capitalists 
Alike  eftn  Enjoy  the  Safety  of  Concrete  Tile  Homes 


Workingmen’s  Fireproof  Homes  on  Clyde  Street 


Concrete  Tile  and  Brick  Veneer  in  Combination 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Architect 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


12 


Office  lliiilrtinti.N  Fireproofed  with 

Concrete  Tile  are  Popular  with  Professional  Men 


Wick  Building,  Corner  Federal  and  Phelps  Streets 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Supervising  Architect 


13 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Pauly  Concrete  Homes  Pay  Substantial 
Dividends  In  Safety  and  Low  Cost  of  Upkeep 


Dollar  Savings  and  Trust  Building,  Central  Square 
Owsley  &  Boucherle,  and  Angus  S.  Wade,  Architects 


Tbe  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


14 


It*«  Impossible  to  Get  Bnrnt 

in  n  House  Constructed  of  Pauly  Fireproofing  Tile 


ANGUS  S.  WADE 
Architect 

Stambaugh  Building 
Youngstown,  0.,  January  7th,  1910. 

Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company, 

Youngstown,  Ohio 

Dear  Sirs: 

Referring  to  your  poured  tile  for  building  pur¬ 
poses,  beg  to  advise  that  I  have  used  the  10"  and 
8"  tile  in  the  construction  of  several  houses,  one  of 
which  was  for  my  own  use,  and  from  the  experience 
thus  gained,  I  would  not  hesitate  to  use  this  form 
of  tile  anywhere  that  I  wished  an  exterior  effect  of 
plaster,  as  I  find  that  they  not  only  make  a  house 
warm  and  sound  proof,  but  thoroughly  dry  as  well. 

I  have  also  used  your  3"  and  4"  product  in  the 
construction  of  The  Dollar  Savings  and  Trust  Build¬ 
ing,  the  First  National  Bank  Building,  and  the 
Wick  Building,  and  very  much  prefer  them  to  the 
clay  products. 

Yours  truly, 

Angus  S.  Wade. 

[copy] 


Cab  Stand  at  Erie  Depot 
Designed  by  Erie  R.  R.  Engineering  Department 


Medbury  Building  on  Commerce  Street.  Tile  Construction  with  Brick  Veneer  Front 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Architect.  C.  H.  Connell,  Contractor 


# 


15 


The  Concrete  Stone  mid  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


The  Simplicity  of  the  Shapes  of 
Cnnly  Concrete  'Tile  Appeals  to  Intelligent  Workmen 


Krepps  Flats  at  Oak  Hill  and  Dewey,  Under  Construction 


A  Scott  Street  Residence  Nearing  Completion 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


16 


’TIs  Sweet  to  Know  That  Those 

Most  near  are  Safe  When  You  are  Far  Away 


Residence  of  Angus  S.  Wade  on  Fairgreen  Avenue 


PettengiU  Residence  on  Ohio  Avenue 


* 

■  M 

17 


The  Concrete  Slone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


immum 


Arc  the  Lives  of  Your  Loveil 
Ones  ns  Well  Protected  ns  Your  Money? 


First  National  Bank  Building  on  Federal  Street 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Supervising  Architect 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


18 


The  Intrinsic  Merits  of  Concrete 

Tile  Once  Recognized  Make  It  Permanently  Standard 


Owsley  &  Boucherle,  Architects,  of  Youngstown, 
took  up  this  new  material  cautiously  during  the  first 
season  after  it  was  introduced.  After  having  used 
concrete  tile  in  a  number  of  structures  of  different 
classes  they  recognized  the  merits  of  the  tile,  par¬ 
ticularly  the  correct  angles  and  perfect  plane  sur¬ 
faces,  never  yet  found  in  any  other  material,  and 
were  prompt  to  say  so.  They  now  make  open  speci¬ 
fications  for  all  tile  requirements  in  their  work. 
Quite  recently  they  were  commissioned  to  make 
plans  for  a  new  public  High  School  on  the  South 
Side  and  announce  that  they  will  use  a  large  amount 
of  tile  in  the  building,  and  have  authorized  the  con¬ 
tractor  to  obtain  bids  on  concrete  tile  in  this  im¬ 
portant  instance. 

Kling  &  Fink,  Architects,  Youngstown,  have  in 
every  one  of  their  buildings  during  the  season  of 
1909,  admitted  the  use  of  concrete  tile  where  any 
such  were  specified. 

Quite  recently  Wm.  Ellis,  Architect,  Youngstown, 
requested  our  Company  to  quote  prices  on  concrete 
tile  for  twelve  four  and  five-room  houses,  stating 
that  from  his  observations  the  tile  now  being  used 
for  this  class  of  houses  could  be  recommended  to 
his  clients  as  being  as  economical  as  wooden  con¬ 
struction  for  the  outer  walls  of  such  houses.  He 
also  stated  that  he  anticipated  building  six  such 
houses  on  his  own  property  and  would  use  concrete 
tile  in  their  construction. 


Krauter  Building  on  Federal  Street,  Combining 
Concrete  Tile  with  Former  Construction 


19 


Public  School  on  Delason  Avenue 
OwsIeyr&  Boucherle,  Architects 


The  Concrete  Stone  anil  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Substantial  Itiiildiugs  of  Modern  Design  are 
Invariably  Completely  Fireproofed  with  Conerete  Tile 


Masonic  Temple  on  Wick  Avenue 
Thayer  and  Thayer,  Architects,  New  Castle,  Pa.  Joseph  Millham,  Contractor 


The  Conerete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


20 


The  Ust  of  1  serx  for  Concrete 

Tile  coultl  not  he  ICnunicrnt c<l  in  tlii.s  ('alalo"«tf 


Adaptability  of  Concrete  Structural  and  Fireproof¬ 
ing  Tile 

This  material  is  useful  in  every  type  of  building  as  demonstrated  by  the  accom¬ 
panying  illustrations.  In  fact,  it  offers  an  effectual  solution  for  the  economical  con¬ 
struction  of  houses,  both  sanitary  and  safe  from  fire  loss  and  danger,  which  has  been 
the  one  great  problem  of  the  ages. 


The  uses  to  which  concrete  structural  tile  is 
adaptable  are  so  numerous  and  developing  so  rapid¬ 
ly  that  it  is  impossible  to  give  a  list  of  them.  The 
accompanying  illustrations  give  some  idea  of  the 
varied  demands  that  have  been  made  upon  the  tile 
manufactured  at  the  initial  plant  operated  by  thfi 
Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company  in  Youngstown. 

The  scope  for  decorative  and  artistic  treatment 
of  exteriors  is  only  limited  by  the  taste  and  genius 
of  the  designer.  The  plain  tile  wall,  with  stroke 
mortar  joints,  without  any  further  treatment  than 
customary  brackets  and  trimmings,  has  a  very  sub¬ 
stantial  appearance  and  is  much  admired.  The  same 
type  of  exterior  tastefully  tinted  with  the  trimmings 
in  colors  selected  so  as  to  blend  or  to  contrast  are 
very  effective  and  beautiful.  There  is  an  endless 
variety  for  exterior  plaster  treatment,  both  with 
regard  to  the  surface  effect  and  the  coloring  matter 
employed.  The  material  itself  possesses  an  ex¬ 
ceptional  quality  for  holding  exterior  plasters  not 


as  yet  fully  comprehended  by  even  the  most  expert 
builders  and  contractors.  Results  which  have  been 
achieved  in  exterior  plaster  on  tile  walls,  in  fact 
present  a  new  field  for  the  study  of  noble  and  grace¬ 
ful  lines  that  building  designers  of  the  past  have 
been  loth  to  undertake.  With  concrete  structural 
tile  there  has  been  a  very  pronounced  success  in 
this  particular  direction. 

Quite  recently  our  associated  company  operating 
in  the  New  York  market  were  called  into  consulta¬ 
tion  with  the  architects  for  the  construction  of  the 
Alfred  Vanderbilt  hotel  at  the  corner  of  Fourth 
Avenue  and  Thirty-fourth  Street,  for  the  purpose 
of  determining  the  advisability  of  using  concrete 
structural  tile  for  the  curtain  walls  of  that  steel 
frame  and  fire-proof  building.  The  intention  is  to 
employ  one  size  and  shape  of  tile,  to-wit:  4"xl2"x 
12",  and  laying  them  in  such  a  way  as  to  produce 
a  wall  twelve  inches  thick,  according  to  the  build¬ 
ing  code.  The  mortar  joints  are  being  considered 
in  one  inch  beds  of  particularly  assembled  aggre- 


Telegram  Building,  Wood  and  Phelps  Street 
Reinforced  Concrete  Curtain  Walls  of  Tile  and  Brick  Veneered 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Architect.  Niedermeier  &  Restle,  Contractors 


21 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


All  Expert  Building  Authorities  Endorse  the 
Use  of  Pauly  Concrete  Structural  and  Fireproofing  Tile 


>m  *  a/ 

r  '  m 

l&f  * 

Sullivan  Apartments,  at  Falls  and  Mill 
Miller  &  Ford,  Architects 


gates,  the  same  aggregates  being  used  in  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  the  tile  with  the  same  kind  of  Portland 
cement.  After  these  curtain  walls  are  laid  the  en¬ 
tire  surface  will  be  gone  over  with  pneumatic 
bush  hammers  and  pick  hammers  so  as  to  surface 
out  the  distinctive  character  of  the  aggregate, 
thereby  introducing  an  extremely  economical  and 
tremendously  effective  exterior  surface,  which  has 
as  yet  never  been  used  upon  a  large  scale,  although 
mass  concrete  surfaces  have  been  treated  in  this 
way  with  the  most  excellent  results,  -but  at  very 
considerable  cost.  Beyond  the  artistic  value  of  this 
method  the  structural  value  obtained  by  the  use  of 
concrete  structural  tile  is  a  matter  of  the  first  im¬ 
portance,  for  the  reason  that  the  beams  and  columns 
of  the  steel  frames  are  thereby  relieved  of  fully 
one-half  of  the  dead  wall  load  necessary  to  figure 


where  twelve-inch  curtain  walls  of  brick  are  used 
that  would  not  in  any  way  add  to  the  strength,  dur¬ 
ability  or  usefulness  of  the  building  with  the  ad¬ 
ditional  weight.  Concrete  fire-proofing  tile  has  been 
specified  for  all  of  the  partitions  and  furring  in  this 
hotel  building,  and  were  selected  on  account  of  the 
perfect  dimensions  and  uniform  shapes  of  the  tile 
with  the  attendant  economy  in  the  plastering  and 
finishings  of  the  interior,  which  is  not  obtainable 
with  other,  materials.  Whether  the  exterior  treat¬ 
ment  just  described  is  employed  in  this  particular 
instance  or  not,  the  conference  in  which  the  matter 
has  been  considered  develops  a  principle  of  artistic 
exterior  treatment  which  will  be  very  widely  used 
in  the  building  season  of  1910,  with  as  many  varia¬ 
tions  and  particular  specifications  as  each  case  will 
suggest. 


Block  of  Workingmen’s  Houses  on  Cypress  and  Gibson  Streets 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youugstovtn,  Ohio 


22 


Concrete  Walls  of  Pauly  Tile 

Present  Itlenl  Surfaces  for  Artistic  Decoration 


Hamilton  Stores  and  Flats  on  Market  Street 


Upon  the  topic  of  the  decoration  of  exteriors 
and  the  treatment  of  tile  walls  in  particular  cases, 
our  associated  companies,  as  well  as  the  develop¬ 
ments  in  our  own  operations,  bring  to  light  almost 
every  day  some  new  variety  of  treatment  quite 
within  the  reach  of  ordinary  economical  building 
practice.  Future  developments  in  this  particular 
line  are  indicated  by  the  increasing  interest  con¬ 
stantly  expressed  by  the  most  eminent  architects, 
engineers  and  men  of  prominence  in  learned  voca¬ 
tions,  in  all  parts  of  the  country,  by  communications 
showing  a  very  comprehensive  study  of  the  subject 
along  independent  and  new  lines. 

For  partitions  and  curtain  walls  in  buildings 
having  reinforced  concrete  frame,  or  steel  cage  con¬ 
struction,  concrete  hollow  tile  is  the  lightest  ma¬ 
terial  of  sufficient  strength  for  these  purposes.  The 
true,  plane  face  of  the  tile  when  used  in  partition 


work,  offers  the  best  surface  for  holding  plaster  yet 
introduced.  Mechanics  spreading  plaster  on  con¬ 
crete  tile  partitions  cover  from  a  third  to  a  half 
more  surface  in  a  day,  with  ease  and  satisfaction, 
and  at  the  same  time  saving  20  to  25  per  cent,  of 
the  mortar.  In  partitions  it  is  light  on  account  of 
the  hollow  space,  materially  relieving  the  dead  load 
upon  the  structural  members  that  carry  the  build¬ 
-¬ 
in  floor  construction  in  connection  with  ribs  of 
reinforced  concrete,  the  concrete  tile  is  superior  to 
any  other  because  the  fresh  concrete  rapidly  be¬ 
comes  a  solid,  inseparable  mass  with  the  tile.  The 
even  edges  and  angles  are  a  distinct  advantage  in 
cheapening  the  cost  of  centering  floor  and  roof 
spans  from  beneath,  as  the  true  surfaces  of  the  tiles 
bear  squarely  upon  the  boards.  Practice  has  de¬ 
veloped  surprising  economies  in  this  line  of  work  by 
the  use  of  concrete  tiles  rather  than  materials  that 
have  been  in  use  for  the  same  purpose  heretofore. 


Tile  Partitions  Used  in  Connection  with  Solid  Concrete  Outer  Walls 


23 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Great  Strength  and  Extreme  Lightness 
are  Combined  (Qualities  in  Panly  Concrete  Tile 


Century  Building  on  Federal  Street 
Owsley  &  Boucherle,  Architects.  C.  H.  Connell,  Contractor 


Interior  of  the  Macaroni  Manufacturing  Company’s  Building  on  Federal  Street 
Kling  &  Fink,  Architects.  C.  H.  Connell,  Contractor 

The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


Concrete  Tile  are  Equally  Useful 

for  Buildings  llevoted  to  Business  and  Pleasure 


Wells-Salow  Building  on  Federal  Street 
Angus  S.  Wade,  Architect 


Garage  on  Broadway 


Pauly  Garage 


25 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Pauly  Concrete  Structural  Tile  Embody 
All  the  Essential  Qualities  of  an  Ideal  Building  Material 


Safe  and  Artistic  Residences  at  Lowest  Cost 


The  widest  angle  of  usefulness,  and  at  the  same 
time  the  most  important  development  of  the  con¬ 
crete  industry,  is  that  which  provides  the  safest 
and  most  permanent,  and  at  the  same  time  the  most 
sightly  and  convenient  homes  for  the  people.  The 
first  step  of  civilization,  the  inseparable  duty  of  the 
head  of  every  family,  is  to  provide  a  shelter,  and 
the  first  consideration  is  the  safety  of  the  occupants 
by  day  and  by  night,  awake  and  asleep.  Not  until 
Mr.  Pauly’s  inventions  were  completed  has  it  been 
possible  to  construct  a  concrete  home  at  a  price 
within  the  reach  of  a  large  majority  of  the  human 
family,  while  with  the  use  of  the  materials  made 
by  his  system  there  is  no  longer  excuse  for  any 
householder  to  face  the  danger  of  fire  loss  or  the 
dread  of  the  destruction  of  life. 

The  carefully  compiled  statistics  bearing  upon 
this  subject  throughout  the  entire  United  States 
are,  indeed,  astounding  to  contemplate.  Fire  losses 
in  residence  properties  are  annually  set  down  in 
figures  that  reach  into  the  hundreds  of  millions,  and 
the  acknowledged  incompleteness  of  these  returns 
indicates  conservatively  that  no  less  than  one  billion 
of  dollars  is  turned  into  smoke  and  ashes  regularly 
with  each  succeeding  year.  The  misguided  opinions 
of  the  past  are  most  forcefully  expressed  in  the  fact 
that  no  less  than  90%  of  the  homes  of  American 
families  are  built  exclusively  of  wood,  in  spite  of 
the  progress  of  the  last  two  score  years,  in  which 


a  very  increasing  number  of  brick  and  concrete 
houses  have  been  introduced. 

Figures  do  not  make  an  adequate  picture  to  the 
mind  of  the  reader,  but  when  one  contemplates  that 
the  loss  of  life  by  the  burning  of  homes  in  the 
United  States  every  year  amounts  to  more  than  the 
total  slaughter  in  all  the  battles  of  the  recent 
Russo-Japanese  war  during  two  exceptionally  bloody 
campaigns,  some  idea  can  be  formed.  Nearly  all  of 
these  lives,  by  consulting  the  records,  will  be  found  to 
have  been  wiped  out  either  while  the  people  them¬ 
selves  were  overtaken  ip  sleep  or  in  frantic  en¬ 
deavors  to  save  the  lives  of  others.  It  has  not  been 
confined  to  the  rich  or  to  the  poor,  to  the  influential 
or  to  the  humble,  to  the  old  or  to  the  young,  but 
American  citizens  from  every  walk  of  life,  from  the 
lawmakers  in  the  halls  of  Congress  to  helpless  in¬ 
fants  who  were  not  responsible  for  their  own  acts. 

Within  the  year  of  1909  a  number  of  populous 
cities  were  almost  entirely  wiped  out  by  fire,  as 
evidenced  at  Dallas,  Texas;  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Kala¬ 
mazoo,  Mich.,  and  others  needless  to  mention  here. 
The  force  and  effect  of  Mr.  Pauly’s  invention  for 
the  manufacture  of  non-burning  structural  and  fire¬ 
proofing  material  is  to  place  within  the  reach  of 
every  investor  in  a  home  the  distinct  possibility  of 
entirely  eliminating  such  danger  and  risk,  and  with 
such  economy  that  it  really  amounts  to  a  matter  of 
choice  without  additional  cost. 

At  Youngstown,  Ohio,  where  the  initial  plant  of 
the  inventor  is  located,  this  material  is  already 


Residence  on  Belmont  Avenue 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


26 


By-Products  from  Quarries  and 

Blast  Furnaces  will  Eventually  Replace  Lumber 


Youngstown  Transfer  Company  Stables  on  Phelps  Street 


recognized  by  the  community  at  large,  on  account 
of  the  many  satisfactory  examples  of  homes  which 
have  been  completed,  that  all  builders  without  ex¬ 
ception  are  giving  it  serious  consideration.  The 
demonstration  has  been  so  complete  and  far  reach¬ 
ing  that  every  builder  considers  first  that  his  home 
must  be  of  concrete  tile  to  make  it  safe.  Beyond 
this  he  appreciates  the  artistic,  sanitary  and 
economical  features  which  have  been  equally  as  sub¬ 
stantially  established. 

The  home  market  for  concrete  structural  tile  has 
been  won  beyond  any  question,  and  the  merits  of 
the  material  will  be  just  as  readily  recognized  by 


builders  of  every  locality  where  these  goods  are  ob¬ 
tainable. 

The  parent  company  at  Youngstown,  in  corn- 
junction  with  a  number  of  associate  companies  lo¬ 
cated  at  the  most  important  markets  of  the  country, 
are  providing  the  means  for  distributing  this  ma¬ 
terial  as  conveniently  as  it  is  possible  for  such  an 
important  business  with  such  enormous  quantities 
of  detailed  specifications.  At  the  present  time  the 
materials  are  available  in  very  extensive  territories, 
and  the  invitation  of  this  company  to  everyone  who 
contemplates  the  building  of  a  home  is  to  communi¬ 
cate  with  the  head  office  at  Youngstown,  Ohio. 


Workingmen’s  Flats  on  Bond  Court 


27 


Tlie  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


I  bars  every  other  bar  to 
\  span  across  as  shown  for  tie 


Your  Home  Can  be  Made  Absolutely  Fireproof 
by  Using  Pauly  Concrete  Construction  Throughout 


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The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


28 


E5T N0:. 720. .SHEET  NO:  7200L. 


RaildlngM  Isolated  from  Fire 

Protection  can  now  be  of  Fire-proof  material 


Garage  on  Fifth  Avenue  Apartment  House  on  Oak  Hill  Avenue 


About  the  Home  and  On  the  Farm 


In  isolated  locations  like  the  farmhouse,  with 
the  attendant  barn  and  all  the  subsidiary  buildings 
of  such  an  establishment,  which  of  necessity  are  far 
removed  from  the  fire  protection  usual  to  cities  and 
closely  built  up  communities,  this  concrete  struct¬ 
ural  and  firerproofing  tile  offers  the  solution  of  the 
one  great  hazard  to  the  farmer.  Several  forms  of 
this  material  are  equally  useful  for  draining  low 
lands,  and  for  this  purpose  it  is,  perhaps,  far  su¬ 
perior  to  anything  that  has  been  applied  to  such  a 
use.  The  concrete  barn  is  attractive  for  the  reason 
that  it  is  easy  to  clean  and  maintain  a  truly  sani¬ 
tary  condition.  Where  a  large  number  of  horses  and 
cattle  are  housed  this  is  a  factor  that  will  be  ap¬ 


preciated.  Hen-houses  of  concrete  are  more  pro¬ 
ductive  in  both  the  amount  of  eggs  that  are  yielded 
as  well  as  the  number  of  chickens  that  are  hatched, 
owing  to  the  elimination  of  vermin  and  the  attend¬ 
ant  diseases  which  fowls  have  been  susceptible  to. 
These  items  to  the  farming  establishment  that 
works  with  records  that  keep  the  cost,  and  figures 
the  net  return,  amounts  to  a  good  profit-earning 
investment,  as  against  those  types  of  construction 
which  have  been  universally  employed  in  the  past 
in  these  essential  particulars.  The  farmer  is.  just  as 
much  entitled  to  have  his  home  and  his  children 
safely  guarded  from  the  fire  loss  and  the  fire  danger 
as  the  city  dwellers,  and  by  the  route  of  the  Pauly 
system  it  is  now  within  his  reach. 


Addition  to  Leather  Shop  on  Federal  Street 


29 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


Pauly  Tile  Make  Substantial 
and  Perfectly  Safe  Buildings  Economical 


Flats  at  Corner  of  Bissel  and^Elm  Streets  (Under  Construction) 

I.  J.  Goldston,  Architect 


Inherent  and  Basic 
Economy 

The  claims  which  are  set  up  in  this  catalogue  in 
regard  to  the  economy  obtained  by  using  concrete 
structural  and  fire-proofing  tile  are  not  idly  made. 
There  is  a  distinct,  practical  and  well-confirmed  rea¬ 
son  for  every  statement  with  regard  to  the  qualities 
of  this  material.  With  the  minimum  amount  of  raw 
material  the  maximum  surface  measurement  is  ob¬ 
tained  in  the  Pauly  system,  with  due  regard  to  the 
necessary  structural  calculations.  It  follows  that 
waste  material  being  eliminated,  just  so  much  of  the 
cost  is  saved.  By  the  same  process  the  weight  of 
the  finished  material  is  reduced  to  the  minimum, 
which  affects  the  cost  of  transportation,  the  cost  of 
handling  and  re-handling,  as  well  as  the  speed  and 
facility  of  the  use  of  the  goods,  which  has  a  direct 
bearing  upon  the  cost  of  the  construction  itself. 


Garage  on  Broadway 


Flats  at  Corner  of  Bissel  and  Elm  Streets  (Completed) 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


30 


The  Achievement  In  the  Home  Market 
Clearly  Indicates  Wide  Usefulness  Elsewhere. 


To  the  Building  Public 

In  issuing  this  catalogue  we  have  selected  the  illustrations  with  a  view  to 
giving  the  reader  and  intending  investors  generally,  a  comprehensive  glance  at 
the  very  gratifying  achievements  that  stand  to  the  credit  of  concrete  structural 
and  fireproofing  tile  in  the  home  market  of  the  inventor  at  Youngstown.  By 
no  means  are  all  of  the  residences  and  other  buildings  available  depicted  here, 
hut  those  shown  are  fairly  representative  of  all,  in  fact  they  cover  the  whole  scope 
of  building  activity  pretty  fully.  At  the  least  our  illustrations  show  that  our 
goods  are  being  successfully  used  in  every  useful  type  of  building,  and  the  de¬ 
mand  growing  out  of  the  confidence  of  the  public  in  both  the  material  and  the 
system  of  construction  now  has  our  plant  well  stocked  with  orders  for  tile. 
There  is  no  doubt  but  that  one  hundred  houses  will  be  built  of  concrete  struc¬ 
tural  tile  in  Youngstown  in  1910,  in  fact  the  orders  now  on  file  amount  to  half 
that  many  on  January  10. 

What  has  been  done  in  one  city  can  easily  be  repeated  in  any  locality,  and 
the  reader  who  wants  to  use  this  material  and  system  of  construction  need  not 
go  unprovided.  This  company  and  our  associated  companys  will  furnish  the 
trade  with  tile  up  to  the  limit  of  capacity  of  the  various  plants. 

We  realize  that  other  materials  have  merit,  and  are  entitled  to  due  con¬ 
sideration  by  every  builder,  but  the  regular  operation  of  our  plant  plainly  shows 
that  there  is  a  well  defined  position  of  usefulness  for  concrete  structural  and 
fireproofing  tile  that  cannot  be  so  well  taken  care  of  in  any  other  way.  1  he 
intrinsic  merit  of  the  goods  made  under  the  Pauly  system  is  responsible  for  the 
very  gratifying  measure  of  success  which  is  now  a  matter  of  record. 

We  unreservedly  recommend  tile  walls  and  partitions  to  he  used  instead  of 
wooden  walls,  and  fireproof  tile  in  combination  with  reinforced  concrete  for 
floors  and  roofs  where  fire  prevention  is  expected,  with  the  assurance  that  this 
can  be  done  with  our  system  of  construction  and  our  building  material  at  a  cost 
equivalent  to  any  other  substantial  method.  In  short,  of  the  highest  grades  of 
building  materials  we  claim  that  in  certain  cases  our  structural  and  fireproofing 
tile  are  far  and  away  the  best  obtainable  and  known  to  the  markets  of  this  day. 

A  careful  investigation  by  all  who  have  the  intention  of  investing  money 
in  any  kind  of  building  is  invited.  The  advantages  and  economies  which  con¬ 
crete  structural  and  fireproofing  tile  alone  can  offer,  may  he  worth  the  trouble, 
and  is  very  likely  to  save  some  money  and  even  human  lives  by  their  use. 

Sincerely, 

A.  A.  PAULY 

Youngstown,  Ohio,  January  10,  1910 


31 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 

Youngstown,  Ohio 


San  Francisco  lias  Learned  by  Experience 
the  Advantages  of  Concrete  Tile  over  Wood  Structures 


The  Concrete  Stone  and  Sand  Company 
Youngstown,  Ohio 


32 


Plant  of  the  Mt.  Shasta  Volcanic  Tile  and  Cement  Company,  New  Igerna,  Cal. 

These  views  show  the  plant  from  various  points  of  view,  and  a  school  house  neatly  built  of  its  product 


I 


•< 


THE  constant  over-demand  is  rapidly  ex¬ 
hausting  one  of  our  greatest  natural  re¬ 
sources.  It  is  only  logical  to  conclude 
that,  in  the  course  of  a  very  short  time,  lumber 
must  necessarily  he  classed  with  the  most  expen¬ 
sive  of  building  materials.  The  general  public 
is  rapidly  awakening  to  this  fact  and  has  watched 
with  interest  the  progress  of  experimentation 
with  and  practical  tests  of  the  various  new  man¬ 
ufactured  building  materials.  The  proved  qual¬ 
ities  of  economy,  durability,  and  hre  and  moist¬ 
ure  reistance  have  already  won  for  this  class  of 
structural  tile  a  high  place  in  the  esteem  of  the 
people.  W e  trust  that  the  information  we  have 
given  herein  concerning  this  product  has  proved 
interesting  and  instructive  to  all  those  who  are 
endeavoring  to  become  acquainted  with  the 
practical  uses  of  concrete. 

Persons  who  are  contemplating  the  erection 
of  buildings  of  any  nature  will  doubtless  be 
much  benehtted  by  a  careful  perusal  of  this  cat¬ 
alogue.  The  facts  we  bring  out  show  conclu¬ 
sively  that  by  the  Pauly  system  the  basic  con¬ 
crete  mixture  reaches  its  highest  value  as  a  buil¬ 
ding  material,  becoming  a  perfect  fire  resister, 
and  of  low  water  absorption,  with  a  wide  range 
of  adaptability  because  of  its  low  cost,  strength 
and  weatherproof  qualities. 

We  receive  many  inquiries  in  regard  to  the 
manner  in  which  we  lease  the  Pauly  machines. 
It  may  be  well  to  state  here  that  we  do  not  con¬ 
sider  it  as  a  machine  proposition,  but  place  our 
system  only  with  parties  who  are  financially 
prepared  to  erect  a  factory  in  which  this  bus¬ 
iness  can  be  properly  conducted,  and  the  high 
standard  of  the  product  maintained. 


THE  YOUNGSTOWN  PRINTING  COMPANY 


AVER*  UBRaR* 

Columbia  UNivf»<iT 


